Terms Critical to Understanding Loss
Chapter Twelve: Personal Loss: Bereavement and Grief
Terms Critical to Understanding Loss
Bereavement
Uncomplicated bereavement
Grief
Complicated grief/prolonged grief
Traumatic grief
Disenfranchised grief
Loss
Primary loss
Secondary loss
Ambiguous loss
Mourning
Dynamics of Bereavement
Cultural Dynamics
Culture
3 patterns of response:
Death accepting
Death defying
Death denying
Sociocultural Mores
Spirituality and Religion
Conceptual Approaches to Bereavement
Stage/Phase Models
Kubler-Ross’s Stages
Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
Schneider’s Growth Model
Counterpart to Traditional Models
Dual Process Model
Loss orientation
Restoration orientation
Adaptive Model
Intuitive grieving Instrumental grieving
Assessment Tools
Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG)
Current Grief
Past Disruption
Grief Experience Inventory (GEI)
Nine clinical scales
Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC)
Can discriminate variability in the grieving process as a function of cause of death and time elapsed since death
Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG)
Targets symptoms of grief that are distinct from bereavement-related depression and anxiety, and predicts long-term functional impairments
Types of Loss
Death of a Spouse
One of the most emotionally stressful and disruptive events in life
More widows than widowers
Loss Due to Caregiving
Death of a Child
Perhaps the ultimate loss for a person to endure regardless of the age of the child
Types of Loss Cont.
Bereavement in Childhood
Toddlers
Primary school age
Middle school age
Intervention and treatment
Bereavement in Adolescence
Value of connectedness
Intervention and treatment
Bereavement in the Elderly
Present more somatic problems than psychological problems
No indication that the intensity of grief varies significantly with age
Grief among older people may be more prolonged than among younger people
Tend to be lonelier and to have far longer periods of loneliness than younger people
Types of Loss Cont.
HIV/AIDS
Job Loss
Separation and Divorce
Death of a Pet
Complicated Grief
Traumatic grief
Being There for Grievers
Empathic Presence
Gentle Conversation
Providing Available Space
Eliciting Trust
Fitting Technique to Style of Grief
The Dual Process Model
The griever sometimes confronts and sometimes avoids the stressors of both orientations
Adaptive Model
Affective
Behavioral
Cognitive
Spiritual
Fitting Technique to Style of Grief Cont.
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
Most commonly used therapies for those who suffer from complicated grief
Narrative Therapy
Reconstructs the relationship with the deceased rather than abandoning it
Attachment Theory and Therapy
One of the oldest theories that deals with grief and loss
“Coherent narrative”
Case Examples for Dealing with Loss
Sudden Death of a Spouse
Stuart
Traumatic Death of a Child
Helen and Brad
Bereavement in Childhood
Makeena
Separation and Divorce
Nancy
Case Examples for Dealing with Loss Cont.
Death of a Pet
The Thompsons
Bereavement in Elderly People
Lenore
Bereavement in an HIV-Infected Client
Clint
Complicated Grief: Death of a Mother
Ann Marie
The Crisis Worker’s Own Grief
Emotional investment in the client
Bereavement overload
Countertransference
Emotional replenishment
Facing one’s own mortality
Sense of power
Tendency to rescue
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