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Cultural Group:

AFRICAN AMERICAN & AFRICA

 

African-American African
An American who has African and especially black African ancestors. African-American culture, also known as black culture, in the United States refers to the cultural contributions of African Americans to the culture of the United States. A person born, raised, or living in Africa. The culture of Africa is varied and manifold. It is a product of the diverse populations that today inhabit the continent of Africa and the African Diaspora.

INTRODUCTION

Culture: refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, religions, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations.

 

Socio-Cultural group: group a collection of people who interact and share a sense of unity on account of a common ethnic, ancestral, generational or regional identity.

 

– African-American history discusses the

African-American or Black American ethnic groups

in the United States.

 

 

– African Americans have been known by various

names throughout American history, including colored

and Negro, which are no longer generally accepted

in English.

 

 

– The great majority of African Americans descend

from peoples brought directly from Africa, or, more

often, from the Caribbean.

 

 

– Africans first arrived in 1619, when a Dutch ship sold 19 blacks as indentured

servants (not slaves) to Englishmen at Point Comfort (today’s Fort Monroe),

thirty miles downstream from Jamestown, Virginia.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

– In 1863, during the American Civil War (1861–1865), President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which promised freedom to slaves in the Southern states if the Union won the war.

– In 1865, the Ku Klux Klan, a secret vigilante organization dedicated to destroying the Republican Party in the South, especially by terrorizing black leaders, was formed.

– Politically and economically, blacks have made substantial strides in the post-civil rights era

– The dramatic political breakthrough came in the 2008 election, with the election of Barack Obama. He won overwhelming support from African American voters in the Democratic primaries, even as his main opponent Hillary Clinton had the support of many black politicians

AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY (CONTINUATION)

 

• Strong kinship bonds

• Strong work orientation

• Strong religious orientation

• Adaptable family roles

• Take care of their own

• Lack of knowledge about available services and how the system works

• Natural remedies used frequently – laying on of hands and prayer are used to heal

• Poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and lifestyle across the lifespan

• Seniors are highly respected – aging represents respect, authority and wisdom

• Tend to keep things hidden within the family system – fear being disgraced or family being disgraced

Values, Beliefs and Life Ways:

Worldview is essentially a way of thinking that organizes all aspects of one’s life.

Regarding to African Americans there is a distinct perspective that is uniquely African American or black, based on their history and life experiences, and these worldviews impact values, beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, relation to others.

Eye contact: Tends to be quite direct and prolonged when speaking, less so when listening.

Gestures: Frequent and sometimes large gestures are normative.

Turn taking and pause time: Turns are taken when the speaker is moved to speak; urgency, status, and the ability to command attention from others determines speaking order.

Space: Research on use of space among African Americans is mixed.

Touch: Among friends, African Americans employ more physical touch than European Americans do (LaFrance & Mayo, 1978, pp. 80-81) and less than that usually seen among people of Latin or Arab cultures

Time: Linear time is not internalized to the extent it is in the dominant society.

Language and communication patterns

Influenced by various cultural traditions, including those of Africa, Europe and the Americans, traditional African-American art forms include the range of:

Art

Plastic art

Basket weaving

Pottery

Quilting

Woodcarving

Painting

African-Americans Africa
West African cultural history � A history of involuntary immigration and enslavement � Four centuries of social and economic oppression � Contemporary social conditions (i.e. poverty, economic inequality, etc.). Tightly organized into extended family units Marriages involved contractual agreements between entire families� Matrilineal organization of family � This “family as clan” organization can be seen as the predecessor to the extended family.

While African American families share many features with other U.S. families, the African American family has some distinctive features relating to the timing and approaches to marriage and family formation, gender roles, parenting styles, and strategies for coping with adversity.

Common Rituals

Burial and Mourning Customs

Death in African religions is one of the last transitional stages of life requiring passage rites, and this too takes a long time to complete. The deceased must be “detached” from the living and make as smooth a transition to the next life as possible.

 

Possession Trance

Is the most dramatic and intimate contact that occurs between devotee and divinity. In most cases possession is

actively sought, induced through the ritual

preparation of the participant. Techniques that

facilitate this altered state of consciousness range

from inhaling vapours of medicinal preparations to

rhythmic chanting, drumming, and dancing.

 

LIFE STYLES

Families that have immigrated recently from Africa have very different cultures compared to families that have been in the US for many generations.  Get to know your patient and their families on an individual level. Not all patients from diverse populations conform to commonly known culture-specific behaviors, beliefs, and actions. Participation in cultural practices is a more useful indicator of health beliefs and behaviors than assumptions made about group affiliation.

Health behaviors and practices.

Health behaviors and practices.

African-American Africa
Increasingly health conscious, seeking health screenings and treatments, although health literacy in this population tends to vary by generation.   There may be reluctance to share personal or family issues, so building a trusting relationship is absolutely crucial. In Africa maintains of individual health is based mostly on rituals and correlated with good religious practice.  Africans are suspicious of clinicians based on the Tuskegee experiments on African Americans, so they may be a little reserved or suspicious

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